Adverb কাকে বলে?
An adverb is a word that modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, providing additional information about how, when, where, or to what extent an action occurs.
For example: “She sings beautifully.”
Adverb হলো একটি শব্দ, যা verb, adjective বা অন্য adverb বর্ণনা করে। এটি কর্ম, সময়, স্থান বা পরিমাণ সম্পর্কে আরও তথ্য প্রদান করে। উদাহরণ: “সে খুব দ্রুত দৌড়ায়।” এখানে “দ্রুত” শব্দটি verb এর গতি নির্দেশ করে।
Example
- “He quickly finished his homework.”
In this sentence, “quickly” is an adverb that describes how he finished his homework, indicating the speed at which the action was performed.
এই বাক্যে, “দ্রুত” একটি adverb যা বর্ণনা করে সে কীভাবে তার বাড়ির কাজ শেষ করেছে, indicating action এর গতিবিধি।
Adverbs এর প্রকারভেদ (Classification/ Types)
Adverbs can be classified in different ways. These are discussed below.
Adverb কে বিভিন্নভাবে বিভক্ত করা যায় । এগুলো নিচে বর্ণনা করা হলো ।
- Adverb of time
- Adverb of place
- Adverb of manner
- Adverb of frequency
- Affirmative or Negative Adverb
- Adverb of Degree
1. Adverb of Time
Adverbs of time tell us when an action occurs.
Adverb of Time হলো সেই adverb যা আমাদের জানান দেয় কোনো কাজ কখন ঘটছে।
Examples:
- Today: “She is going to the market today.”
Explanation: “Today” indicates the specific time when she will go to the market. - Yesterday: “I finished my homework yesterday.”
Explanation: “Yesterday” tells us when the homework was completed.
Adverbs of time: Yesterday, today, afterward, always, immediately, last month, now, soon, etc are common.
2. Adverb of Place
Adverbs of place indicate where an action takes place.
Adverb of Place হলো সেই adverb যা কোনো কাজ কোথায় ঘটছে তা নির্দেশ করে।
Examples:
- Here: “The children are playing here.”
Explanation: “Here” shows the location where the children are playing. - Everywhere: “He searched everywhere for his keys.”
Explanation: “Everywhere” indicates the extent of his search for the keys.
Adverbs of place: Here, above, below, under, upstairs, there, over there, etc.
3. Adverb of Manner
Adverbs of manner describe how an action is performed.
Adverb of Manner হলো সেই adverb যা কাজটি কিভাবে সম্পন্ন হচ্ছে তা বর্ণনা করে।
Examples:
- Quickly: “She runs quickly.”
Explanation: “Quickly” describes the manner in which she runs. - Carefully: “He handled the fragile vase carefully.”
Explanation: “Carefully” indicates how he handled the vase.
Most of these adverbs have “ly” at its end such as, quickly, slowly, happily, badly, etc. Fast, hard, well, etc. are also adverbs of manner.
4. Adverb of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency tell us how often an action occurs.
Adverb of Frequency হলো সেই adverb যা একটি কাজ কতবার ঘটছে তা জানান দেয়।
Examples:
- Always: “I always drink coffee in the morning.”
Explanation: “Always” indicates that drinking coffee happens every morning. - Sometimes: “They sometimes go to the gym.”
Explanation: “Sometimes” shows that their gym visits are not regular.
Adverbs of frequency: Weekly, twice, sometimes, never, always, generally, usually, nearly, again, ever, hardly ever, etc.
5. Affirmative or Negative Adverb
These adverbs express affirmation or negation.
Affirmative or Negative Adverb হলো সেই adverb যা নিশ্চিতকরণ বা অস্বীকৃতি প্রকাশ করে।
Examples:
- Yes: “Yes, I will attend the meeting.”
Explanation: “Yes” affirms that the person will attend the meeting. - Not: “She does not like ice cream.”
Explanation: “Not” negates her preference for ice cream.
More Example:
- Truly, I want her to be here.
- She especially mentioned her name.
- Never tell a lie.
6. Adverb of Degree
Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity or extent of an action, an adjective, or another adverb.
Adverb of Degree হলো সেই adverb যা কোনো verb, adjective, বা অন্য adverb এর মাত্রা বা মাত্রা নির্দেশ করে।
Examples:
- Very: “She is very talented.”
Explanation: “Very” emphasizes the extent of her talent. - Too: “It’s too hot outside.”
Explanation: “Too” indicates the excessive degree of heat. - Almost: “I almost finished my project.”
Explanation: “Almost” shows that the project was nearly completed, but not entirely.
Adverbs of degree: So, very, quite, really, too, almost, much, nearly, etc.