Preposition কাকে বলে?
A preposition is a word used to show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other parts of a sentence, often indicating direction, place, time, or manner.
Preposition হলো এমন একটি শব্দ যা বাক্যে Noun বা Pronoun সঙ্গে বাক্যের অন্যান্য অংশের সম্পর্ক নির্দেশ করে, যেমন: স্থান, সময়, দিক বা উপায়।
Examples:
- The book is on the table.
- Explanation: “On” shows the location of the book in relation to the table.
- He arrived at 5 PM.
- Explanation: “At” specifies the exact time of arrival.
- They walked through the park.
- Explanation: “Through” indicates the path taken inside the park.
Prepositions এর প্রকারভেদ (Classification/Types)
Prepositions can be classified in different ways. These are discussed below.
Preposition কে বিভিন্নভাবে বিভক্ত করা যায় । এগুলো নিচে বর্ণনা করা হলো ।
- Simple Preposition
- Compound Preposition
- Phrase Preposition
- Participle Preposition
- Double Preposition
- Preposition of time
- Preposition of place
- Preposition of direction
- Preposition for an agent
- Preposition used for Tools, Mechanism or Gadget
1. Simple Preposition
Single words used to show relationships between nouns or pronouns and other words in a sentence.
Simple Preposition একক শব্দ যা বাক্যে নাম বা সর্বনামের সাথে সম্পর্ক নির্দেশ করে।
Examples:
- She is at home.
Explanation: “At” indicates location. - He lives by the river.
Explanation: “By” shows proximity to the river.
On, in, to, at, from, with, of, off, over, under, etc. are some examples of simple prepositions.
পড়ুনঃ Prepostion এর ব্যবহার
2. Compound Preposition
Formed by adding prefixes to simple prepositions, creating a compound word.
Simple Preposition এর সাথে উপসর্গ যুক্ত করে Compound Preposition তৈরি হয়।
Examples:
- She walked across the street.
Explanation: “Across” shows movement from one side to the other. - He climbed onto the roof.
Explanation: “Onto” shows movement from one place to another.
Between, before, around, about, along, above, etc. are some examples of compound prepositions.
3. Phrase Preposition
A group of words used as a single preposition.
একাধিক শব্দের একটি গুচ্ছ যা একসাথে প্রিপোজিশন হিসেবে কাজ করে।
Examples:
- In front of the house, there is a garden.
Explanation: “In front of” indicates position relative to the house. - He is sitting next to me.
Explanation: “Next to” indicates position beside someone.
In spite of, in front of, in order to, due to, on account of, for the sake of, etc. are some examples of phrase prepositions.
4. Participle Preposition
A participle (verb form) used as a preposition.
এমন একটি Verb যা Preposition এর কাজ করে।
Examples:
- Regarding your request, we have made a decision.
Explanation: “Regarding” introduces the topic of discussion. - Concerning his health, he needs to rest.
Explanation: “Concerning” indicates the subject of concern.
Read: সময়, দিন, তারিখের এর ক্ষেত্রে Preposition এর ব্যবহার
5. Double Preposition
Formed by using two simple prepositions together.
দুটি simple preposition একসাথে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Examples:
- She came out of the building.
Explanation: “Out of” shows movement from inside to outside. - He went down into the basement.
Explanation: “Down into” shows direction of movement.
E.g., because of, from behind, within, out of, outside of, etc. are called Double preposition.
6. Preposition of Time
Shows the relationship of time between the action and another element.
কর্মের সাথে অন্য কিছুর সময় সম্পর্ক নির্দেশ করে।
Examples:
- I will meet you at 5 PM.
Explanation: “At” indicates a specific time. - He has been working since morning.
Explanation: “Since” indicates the starting point of time.
7. Preposition of Place
Indicates location or position.
কোনো স্থানের অবস্থান বা লোকেশন নির্দেশ করে।
Examples:
- The book is on the table.
Explanation: “On” shows the position of the book. - She is sitting under the tree.
Explanation: “Under” indicates location beneath something.
8. Preposition of Direction
Indicates the direction of movement.
গতি বা আন্দোলনের দিক নির্দেশ করে।
Examples:
- They walked towards the park.
Explanation: “Towards” shows direction. - He ran into the room.
Explanation: “Into” indicates movement into a place.
Such as in, on, under, over, left, right, etc.
9. Preposition for an Agent
Used to indicate who is performing the action.
কর্ম সম্পাদনকারীকে নির্দেশ করার জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Examples:
- The letter was written by her.
Explanation: “By” indicates the agent of the action. - The house was built by the workers.
Explanation: “By” shows who performed the action.
10. Preposition for Tools, Mechanism, or Gadget
Indicates the instrument used to perform an action.
কোনো কর্ম সম্পাদনে ব্যবহৃত যন্ত্র বা সরঞ্জাম নির্দেশ করে।
Examples:
- She cut the paper with scissors.
Explanation: “With” indicates the tool used for cutting. - He fixed the car using a wrench.
Explanation: “Using” shows the mechanism for performing the action.